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Pilot License List, From Pilot School to Professional Pilot

Every pilot or pilot, is obliged to have a license or license to fly a plane. He can get this license or license when starting from the pilot school until he becomes a professional pilot. As with a motorized driving license, pilot licenses have several different categories with different rights. Each pilot needs to do a written test and flight test for each license taken. Flight tests also usually consist of interviews to assess the knowledge of pilots. This flight test is known as the check ride.

SPL: Student Pilot License

Used by pilot school students to practice flying planes. In the USA, there is no SPL. There is no limit to flying with instructors, meaning that you don't need any licenses, but to be able to fly solo (without an instructor), class 3 medical certificate is needed.

PPL: Private Pilot License

Is the first license obtained by a pilot when he has passed the pilot school. With this license he can fly with passengers with limitations not allowed to receive payment. This license is like a SIM for the driver of the car. The minimum flight time to get a PPL is 40 to 60 hours of flight depending on the country's regulations.

CPL: Commercial Pilot License

This license is obtained after obtaining PPL. With this license a pilot can become a professional pilot who receives payment for his work as a pilot. Usually it takes around 140 to 250 flight hours to get this license depending on the country's regulations.
Instrument Rating: This rating is an addition to PPL or CPL to fly an aircraft with only instrument orientation. The point is to fly with low visibility and fly at an altitude that makes it impossible to see land as a reference. Usually a pilot is not allowed to fly a jet without an instrument rating.

ATPL: Airline Transport Pilot License

This license is required to become a commander / captain on a passenger plane with a certain weight. In Indonesia according to CASR 121 rev 2 at the time this article was written was for aircraft above 3,409 kilograms (7,500 pounds) or for aircraft with 30 or more passenger seat configurations. There are also 20,000 kg or 12500 kg in some countries. To get ATPL you must have a CPL, 1st class medical certificate (first class health certificate) and have 1500 flight hours.

Frozen ATPL

To get ATPL, a pilot must have a minimum of 1500 flight hours. Whereas frozen ATPL is a certificate stating that the pilot concerned has passed all ATPL lessons, it is only a matter of waiting for flying hours to reach 1500 hours. In the USA or Indonesia for example, there is no frozen ATPL term, but pilots can take ATP written tests, the results of which are valid for 2 years. If in 2 years the pilot does not reach 1500 flight hours or does not check check for ATPL, the written test results will be forfeited.
Type rating: Each aircraft has different characteristics so it requires additional training and flight permits for each type of aircraft to be flown. This certificate / license to fly a type of aircraft is called a type rating
ME (Multi Engine) This license qualification is required if the pilot will fly a plane with a dual engine.

IR (instrument rating)

Qualifications are required on night flights or flights are IFR (Instrument Flight Rule) lines. The IFR path is a flight path that cannot be done by visual navigation (eg cross-ocean flights), but with the help of radio beacons on land. Whereas in flight visual or known as VFR (Visual Flight Rule) pilots can rely on mountains, lakes, rivers, buildings as navigation assistance. There is still a Type Rating, which is a special qualification for flying certain types of aircraft. For example, pilots who normally fly airbus output aircraft (A340-200, 300, 500, 600 series) must ratify their qualifications if they will fly Boeng aircraft even though the 737-200 series. So being a pilot can't be in a fast and easy way. High qualifications and abilities are still needed. So that a captain for an Airbus A330 pilot on a scheduled airline such as Garuda Indonesia, for example, will have to have ATPL with an Instrument Rating and an A330 Type Rating aircraft in its license along with a first class health certificate.

Not all licenses can be used to fly planes as professionals, and licensing recommendations for being able to fly planes professionally are CPL.

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